Impacto da aplicação de enzimas pectinolíticas comerciais no processamento e na qualidade de suco de maçã

Abstract

Industrial processing of fruit juices had an amazing development over the past 100 years and invariably enzymes participated in this phenomenon, they can be used in the maceration, extraction and clarification. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the application of commercial enzymatic preparations (Ultrazym AFP L, Pectinex Ultra Clear, Pectinex SMASH XXL, Panzym YieldMASH) in the apple juice processing on the physical and chemical characteristics of the products. The juice obtained by enzymatic maceration of the pulp and extracted by centrifuge force associate to the use of multivariate statistical techniques (PCA and HCA) showed the action of the enzymatic preparations in the parameters evaluate (yield, viscosity, pH, sugars, D-galacturonic acid, total acidity, color, individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity). The use of multivariate statistical techniques allowed exploring and classifying of way to conclude that the juices obtained with or without the enzymatic preparations showed similarity or difference between them. The fruits processed in unripe stage of Lis Gala variety did not showed changes in physical and chemicals parameters evaluated. As well as, the use of Pectinex SMASH XXL did not cause changes in most juices in relation to controls (without enzymes). The other tested preparations (Pectinex Ultra Clear, Ultrazym AFPL, Panzym YieldMASH) caused changes in these parameters for all ripening stages of Fuji Suprema variety and ripe and senescent stages of Lis Gala variety. Currently the interest in phenolic compounds is attached in theirs antioxidant capacity, which contributes to the protection from the harmful effects of oxidative stress on human health. According to the PCA and HCA the four enzymatic preparations used were effective in the unripe and ripe stage for Lis Gala variety to increase the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity (FRAP). For Fuji Suprema all enzymes were effective at the unripe stage, while for ripe stage only Pectinex Ultra Clear and Panzym YieldMASH were able to increase the phenolic and antioxidant properties. In senescent stage of fruits were not observed change with the application of the enzymatic preparations, due to the fact of presence of endogenous enzymes that may minimize or inhibit the action of preparation added. Based on the results found, highlights that it is necessary to know the ripening stage and the variety selected in the juice processing to proper selection of the enzymatic preparation to attend the efficiency of process and the characteristics of the final product