Protagonismo feminino na militância: ocupação de escolas de São Paulo em 2015 e do Paraná em 2016

Abstract

This study analyzes the female protagonism in the student demonstrations mainly in the state of São Paulo, in 2015, which served as inspiration for the occupations throughout the country in 2016, with the most expressive number of occupied institutions being in the state of Paraná. In São Paulo, the government of Geraldo Alckmin, of the PSDB, announced a school reorganization in which schools would be divided by teaching cycles: a measure that would lead to the compulsory transfer of a significant number of students. In the state of Paraná, public school students occupied, at the height of the movement, more than 800 schools in an attempt to pressure the federal government to withdraw the high school reform proposal (MP 746), made by the government of President Michel Temer, and sent to the National Congress by provisional measure. The occupations in the state were also a protest against the PEC 241: this constitutional amendment proposal proposed a ceiling for public spending, affecting mainly the areas of health and education. In the midst of these movements, it was possible to notice the remarkable female presence both in the active participation in student assemblies and as spokespersons of these movements in the reports made by the media. The central objective is to identify and analyze the protagonism of girls in the occupations, whether in the internal organization of the school or in the public demonstrations organized by the movement. The sources used in the research are the press reports, Folha de São Paulo and Gazeta do Povo, in addition to the interview carried out with four girls who are members of the occupation movement in São Paulo. The methodology used is content analysis of the press news in the period of the occupations and analysis of the interviews conducted. The analysis shows, comparatively, the political ideological bias of the right-wing press, which sees the students as vandals who plunder public property and disrupt the regular functioning of the schools, while the left-wing press treats them as acts in defense of education. In the interviews conducted and quoted, the voices of the militant girls of the cause, gave a closer proximity to the internal perspective on the objectives and organization of the occupants within their schools, opposed to the portrayal by the right.