"Que sabe dos homens e das mulheres": O Ensino de História a partir da representação de gênero na coluna do Jornal O Tibagi (1948-1950)

Abstract

This research looks at how gender social roles were built and naturalized, over time, how they reinforce prejudices and even justify violence and how it is necessary that this be problematized in school and in history teaching. We start from the idea that the role of the school in our society is much more than simply repeating these canonical contents, the school's duty is also to train a citizen, a critical citizen who knows how to understand what she lives and what she sees. And, bringing gender issues into the classroom are meant to demonstrate to students how the roles of men and women are socially constructed and not something natural that should not be contested. To make this discussion possible, the column “Who knows about men and women”, from the weekly newspaper O Tibagi, was used as the source of the research, that was published between 1948 and 1950, in the city of Telêmaco Borba-PR. From this column and the theoretical foundation it was possible to discuss how gender roles were represented and reinforced in society at the time, L. Bardin's theory of content analysis was used to analyze the sources, and S.Moscovici's theory was used to understand the construction of social representations. The objectives of this study were: understand the historical and social construction of the female and male role; identify the gender stereotypes reproduced in the column “Who knows about men and women”; relate the historical context to the content of the column; discuss the use of the newspaper as a historical source; discuss the importance of gender issues in the classroom. By performing the analysis of the sources, we are able to see how the construction of some paper roles is made and reinforced in our Society. To perform this analysis, the columns were divided into categories that are part of our daily lives. After conducting the research the construction of didactic material was carried out which allows students to reflect on gender issues, that shows how history has different possibilities of study, that the newspaper can be a very fruitful historical source and how the ideals of man and woman were built socially and how some of these ideals have changed and others remain today.