Os negros na História do Brasil republicano nos livros didáticos de História - PNLD 2018.

Abstract

The main objective of the present dissertation is to understand how blacks are represented throughout the Brazilian Republican Period in high school history textbooks. To achieve this result, we first conducted a survey of all the dissertations and theses that have blacks as their main theme in history textbooks produced since the beginning of the second millennium. With this survey, we were able to identify that most of the researches approach these individuals through a qualitative analysis and in textbooks aimed at elementary school. For this reason, we chose to analyse the high school books and combine the quantitative and qualitative methods, since one can fill in the gaps left by the other, thus promoting a comprehensive analysis of the object. The qualitative analysis was based on Bardin's content analysis and the quantitative analysis on the analysis by area. To understand the current situation of textbooks in Brazil today, we traced a brief history of these books in the country and the importance of the creation of the National Textbook Program - NTP, its scope and limitations. The books chosen for this analysis were from the NTP 2018. This choice was because at the beginning of this research, these materials were in direct contact with students in classrooms all over Brazil. The initial idea was to analyse all the collections approved by the MEC to circulate in schools, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the closing of schools it was not possible to acquire all the collections. For this reason, we analysed only the four collections acquired in time. With this research, we concluded that if compared to the space destined to Brazil in the Republic in these materials, the space destined to Blacks is still small. When it comes to the way, they appear most of the time they are portrayed in a condition of claiming rights, which we consider a positive point. However, it is noticeable that there is very little space devoted to situations of oppression suffered by African descendants which may contribute to a perception and discourse that ignore inequalities in opportunities and living conditions.