Bioprospecção de bactérias isoladas do manguezal

Abstract

Mangrove-derived bacteria exhibit remarkable biotechnological potential, as evidenced in the literature, particularly in areas such as bioremediation, biocontrol of opportunistic microorganisms, and antitumor activity. The microbial diversity and selective pressures of mangrove ecosystems, including fluctuations in salinity, the presence of contaminants, and intense microbial competition, drive specific adaptations that render these microorganisms promising sources of bioactive compounds and mechanisms of biotechnological interest. Within this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of bacterial isolates from mangrove environments, with emphasis on processes of bioremediation, biocontrol, and antitumor activity, whose main results are summarized below. Regarding bioremediation, isolates 2.3.A, 3.2.B, and M.H.2 were able to grow in mineral medium containing glyphosate as the sole carbon source, indicating the presence of alternative metabolic pathways and adaptive responses. Antagonism assays revealed antimicrobial activity against the agricultural phytopathogen Ralstonia sp. and against bacteria associated with nosocomial infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, suggesting the ability of these isolates to secrete antibacterial compounds, including antimicrobial peptides, lytic enzymes, and volatile molecules. With respect to antitumor activity, extract by four bacterial isolates significantly reduced the viability of A549 lung carcinoma and MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, as well as A549 cell migration. These effects suggest the presence of proteins or secondary bioactive compounds capable of interfering with tumor cell survival, metabolism, and motility. Taken together, the results demonstrate that mangrove-derived bacteria not only possess the potential to degrade herbicides and act as biological control agents but also hold promise for the development of novel antitumor agents. Future studies involving genomic, proteomic, and chemical analyses of the extracts will enable the identification of the genes, metabolic pathways, and molecules responsible for these activities, thereby advancing knowledge on the bioprospecting of microorganisms from mangrove ecosystems.