Sobre a emergência e a lei de proporcionalidade intrínseca

Abstract

This thesis has as main aim the formalization and the modeling of the emergence and of the Intrinsic Proportionality Law (IPL). Both concepts are initially worked and metaphysically specified for then, in a second moment, be turned into a mathematical concept. Such mathematical formalization is made by means of Category Theory, utilizing constructs, underlying functors and the category of sets. The Intrinsic Proportionality Law is a set of operations and its properties that are within objects of a construct that composes an emergence. The direct application of this result is made on biological systems conceived as living substantial wholes. The decomposition of such a system, by several ways, evokes an application: how is it possible that different decompositions of the same system generate categories with different properties? This phenomenon is modeled and explained by the direct application of emergence and IPL. Such application is mediated by means of Relational Biology, which was conceived by the mathematical biologist Robert Rosen. Additionally, we also built in this work a Knockout Theory and applied it in an ecological study case.