Do ideal ao factível: uma análise do Imposto Sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS) à luz da Teoria da Tributação Ótima e da experiência internacional
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
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Esta dissertação analisa o Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS) instituído pela Emenda Constitucional nº 132/2023 e regulamentado pela Lei Complementar nº 214/2025, sob a ótica da teoria da tributação ótima e da experiência internacional. Embora a transição para um Imposto sobre o Valor Adicionado (IVA) dual represente um avanço histórico frente ao caótico sistema anterior, o estudo diagnostica que concessões político-econômicas — como a proliferação de alíquotas diferenciadas, regimes específicos (notadamente para serviços financeiros) e a problemática interação com o Simples Nacional — comprometem os princípios de neutralidade e simplicidade. Tais desvios geram quebras na cadeia de não cumulatividade e ineficiências distributivas. A partir deste diagnóstico, a pesquisa formula quatro propostas de aprimoramento regulatório: (1) a convergência gradual para uma alíquota única, vinculando a economia fiscal gerada à expansão do cashback; (2) a criação de rampas de transição e a inversão da lógica de creditamento para integrar o Simples Nacional às cadeias produtivas; (3) a consolidação do cashback como instrumento único e mais eficiente de equidade social; e (4) a implementação de um mecanismo de credit and refund para mitigar a cumulatividade em regimes específicos. Conclui-se que o alinhamento do IBS às melhores práticas globais exige um processo contínuo de ajustes, trilhando o caminho do modelo ideal ao factível, a fim de garantir um sistema tributário promotor de eficiência, justiça e crescimento econômico.
This dissertation analyzes the Tax on Goods and Services (IBS), established by Constitutional Amendment No. 132/2023 and regulated by Supplementary Law No. 214/2025, through the lens of optimal taxation theory and international experience. Although the transition to a dual Value Added Tax (VAT) represents a historical advancement compared to the chaotic previous system, the study diagnoses that political-economic concessions—such as the proliferation of differentiated rates, specific regimes (notably for financial services), and the problematic interaction with the Simples Nacional— compromise the principles of neutrality and simplicity. Such deviations cause breaks in the noncumulative chain and distributive inefficiencies. Based on this diagnosis, the research formulates four proposals for regulatory improvement: (1) a gradual convergence towards a single rate, linking the generated fiscal savings to the expansion of the cashback program; (2) the creation of transition ramps and the inversion of the crediting logic to integrate the Simples Nacional into productive chains; (3) the consolidation of cashback as the single and most efficient instrument for social equity; and (4) the implementation of a credit and refund mechanism to mitigate cumulativeness in specific regimes. The study concludes that aligning the IBS with global best practices requires a continuous process of adjustments, bridging the gap between the ideal and the feasible model, in order to ensure a tax system that promotes efficiency, fairness, and economic growth.
This dissertation analyzes the Tax on Goods and Services (IBS), established by Constitutional Amendment No. 132/2023 and regulated by Supplementary Law No. 214/2025, through the lens of optimal taxation theory and international experience. Although the transition to a dual Value Added Tax (VAT) represents a historical advancement compared to the chaotic previous system, the study diagnoses that political-economic concessions—such as the proliferation of differentiated rates, specific regimes (notably for financial services), and the problematic interaction with the Simples Nacional— compromise the principles of neutrality and simplicity. Such deviations cause breaks in the noncumulative chain and distributive inefficiencies. Based on this diagnosis, the research formulates four proposals for regulatory improvement: (1) a gradual convergence towards a single rate, linking the generated fiscal savings to the expansion of the cashback program; (2) the creation of transition ramps and the inversion of the crediting logic to integrate the Simples Nacional into productive chains; (3) the consolidation of cashback as the single and most efficient instrument for social equity; and (4) the implementation of a credit and refund mechanism to mitigate cumulativeness in specific regimes. The study concludes that aligning the IBS with global best practices requires a continuous process of adjustments, bridging the gap between the ideal and the feasible model, in order to ensure a tax system that promotes efficiency, fairness, and economic growth.
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EICH, Cícero Antônio. Do ideal ao factível: uma análise do Imposto Sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS) à luz da Teoria da Tributação Ótima e da experiência internacional. 2026. Dissertação (Pós-Graduação em Economia) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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