Síntese verde, caracterização e avaliação citotóxica de nanopartículas de prata e de ouro funcionalizadas para o potencial tratamento da leucemia mieloide crônica

Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles can be obtained by reduction using natural products which is known as green synthesis. These nanoparticles can be used for drug delivery with an increased activity and reduced side effects. The aim of this study was developed and to characterize stable and target nanoparticles of silver and gold associated with metotrexate and produced using the aqueous extract of Lavandula dentata L. Their cytotoxic potential in a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562) by MTT reduction, LDH enzyme release, cell cycle evaluation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, evaluation of morphology by fluorescence microscopy was investigated. As well as the citotoxicity on fibroblast (3T3) cell line by MTT reduction and LDH release. The characterization of nanoparticles was performed by spectroscopic and morphological methods such as UV-Vis, AFM, TEM, X-ray diffraction, FTIR and analysis of the diameter by dynamic light scattering. The aqueous extract of L. dentata proved to be suitable for the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. All metal nanoparticles containing silver or gold were successfully obtained and presented spherical shape, low size and uniform characteristics. The obtained nanoparticles were remarkable effective in reducing cell viability. We can conclude that metal nanoparticles led to a cell death by apoptosis. Biotin-targeted gold nanoparticles showed the best performance as cytotoxic agent because provided the reduction of leukemic cells with no effect on normal cells with a selectivity index of 2,8. These results can subsidize a future use of target nanosystems for further anticancer drug therapy.