Morfoanatomia de folha e caule, caracterização química e atividades biológicas do óleo essencial de Eugenia involucrata DC: uma abordagem interdisciplina

Abstract

The genus Eugenia is one of the most representative and complex of the family Myrtaceae. Many species are important from an economic and medicinal point of view. Eugenia involucrata DC. is used in traditional medicine to treat digestive problems, bleeding and diarrhea, has edible fruits which are used to produce jellies and liqueurs. The essential oil of its leaves present antimicrobial activities and there are no reports in the literature on the insecticidal and cytotoxic activity of leaf essential oil. The aim of this work was to obtain and analyze the essential oil of leaves of E. involucrata, in order to identify the chemical composition, verify the antioxidant, insecticidal and cytotoxic capacity, as well as to identify the morphoanatomy of leaves and stems. For the morphoanatomical analysis, the leaves and stems were prepared for analysis in light microscopy and field scanning electron microscopy. Morphoanatomically, the epidermis of the leaves is uniseriate and has sinuous anticlinal cell walls on the adaxial side, whereas wavy walls are observed on abaxial side, the leaves dorsiventral and hypostomatic, the stomata are anomocytic, paracytic and tetracytic, calcium oxalate crystals are in the mesophyll. The midrib is concave-convex and the stem has circular shape. In the histochemical tests, positive reaction for lipophilic, lignin, starch grains and phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems was observed. The major compounds germacrene B (22.17%), bicyclogermacrene (19.76%) and β-elemene (10.86%) were identified. Essential oil presented cytotoxic potential for murine melanoma tumor cell lines. Good antioxidant potential by the DPPH assay. In the topical insecticidal analysis, a mortality of 13.3% was observed in ft. Dix strain. No toxicity was observed for the insects tested in the fumigant and residual assays. The morphoanatomical features assist the identification of the species and provide data for the quality control of the herbals. The essential oil of the leaves of E. involucrata presented antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, but there was no insecticidal action.