Lesões de pele e a assistência de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva
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As lesões por pressão e a dermatite associada à incontinência representam importantes complicações em pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, especialmente entre indivíduos idosos, com múltiplas comorbidades e submetidos a terapias invasivas. Este estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e quantitativo analisou 62 pacientes internados em UTI adulto de um hospital universitário, entre abril e junho de 2024, com o objetivo de identificar fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas adquiridas durante a internação. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (64,5%), de cor branca (92,1%) e tinha entre 60 e 79 anos. Observou-se alta prevalência de condições crônicas, como hipertensão (41,9%) e diabetes mellitus (29%), além de hábitos de risco como tabagismo (58,1%) e etilismo (48,4%). Em relação às intervenções terapêuticas, (82,3%) utilizaram drogas vasoativas, (91,9%) ventilação mecânica e (88,7%) receberam dieta enteral. A incidência de LPP foi elevada, com predominância dos estágios 1 e 2 e localização mais frequente em região sacral, glútea e calcânea. A presença de DAI foi identificada em (8,1%) da amostra. Os achados reforçam que idade avançada, instabilidade hemodinâmica, comorbidades, imobilidade, uso de dispositivos e suporte terapêutico intensivo estão associados à maior vulnerabilidade cutânea. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento das práticas preventivas, a capacitação da equipe de enfermagem e a padronização dos registros são essenciais para reduzir a incidência dessas lesões, impactando positivamente na segurança do paciente, no tempo de internação e na mortalidade hospitalar.
Pressure injuries and incontinence-associated dermatitis are significant complications in intensive care units, particularly among older adults with multiple comorbidities and exposure to invasive therapies. This retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study analyzed 62 adult ICU patients admitted to a university hospital between April and June 2024, aiming to identify factors associated with the development of hospital-acquired skin lesions. Most participants were male (64.5%), White (92.1%), and between 60 and 79 years old. A high prevalence of chronic conditions was observed, including hypertension (41.9%), and diabetes mellitus (29%), along with risk behaviors such as smoking (58.1%) and alcohol use (48.4%). Regarding therapeutic interventions, (82.3%) received vasopressor drugs, (91.9%) underwent mechanical ventilation, and (88.7%) were on enteral nutrition. Pressure injuries were highly prevalent, mainly stages 1 and 2, with the sacral, gluteal, and heel regions being the most affected. IAD was present in (8.1%) of the sample. The findings indicate that advanced age, hemodynamic instability, comorbidities, immobility, medical device use, and intensive therapeutic support significantly increase cutaneous vulnerability. Strengthening preventive practices, enhancing nursing team training, and standardizing clinical documentation are essential strategies to reduce the incidence of skin injuries and improve patient safety, length of stay, and hospital outcomes.
Pressure injuries and incontinence-associated dermatitis are significant complications in intensive care units, particularly among older adults with multiple comorbidities and exposure to invasive therapies. This retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study analyzed 62 adult ICU patients admitted to a university hospital between April and June 2024, aiming to identify factors associated with the development of hospital-acquired skin lesions. Most participants were male (64.5%), White (92.1%), and between 60 and 79 years old. A high prevalence of chronic conditions was observed, including hypertension (41.9%), and diabetes mellitus (29%), along with risk behaviors such as smoking (58.1%) and alcohol use (48.4%). Regarding therapeutic interventions, (82.3%) received vasopressor drugs, (91.9%) underwent mechanical ventilation, and (88.7%) were on enteral nutrition. Pressure injuries were highly prevalent, mainly stages 1 and 2, with the sacral, gluteal, and heel regions being the most affected. IAD was present in (8.1%) of the sample. The findings indicate that advanced age, hemodynamic instability, comorbidities, immobility, medical device use, and intensive therapeutic support significantly increase cutaneous vulnerability. Strengthening preventive practices, enhancing nursing team training, and standardizing clinical documentation are essential strategies to reduce the incidence of skin injuries and improve patient safety, length of stay, and hospital outcomes.
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PEREIRA, Amanda Domingues. Lesões de pele e a assistência de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva. 2026. Trabalho de Conclusão de Residência Médica (Especialização em Intensivismo) – Hospital Universitário Regional dos Campos Gerais, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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