Elaboração de um produto educacional para a materialização de conceitos no aprendizado de óptica geométrica aplicada às anomalias da visão

Abstract

In a brief research on the current state of optics teaching in the physics subject in high school, it is noticed that the teaching of optics accompanied by a great mathematical load is still very present without due attention to the real understanding of concepts. To break this barrier of superficial teaching, in relation to concepts, we seek to develop a practice that avoid traditional teaching, which allows and uses the modernity of the familiar concepts’ view of psychology applied to teaching theories. We seek to implement an Educational Product that enables a study of spherical lenses richer in concept and more realistic by working on the subject as it is: in a three-dimensional view, applied to the most common vision anomalies: myopia and hyperopia. The Educational Product was developed through a sequence of classes divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the approach of specific themes that are extremely important for the educational product, as well as the characteristics of the spherical lenses. At this stage, some basic concepts of Jerome S. Bruner's theory of teaching and Gerson K. Cruz's theory of creation of Real Exterior knowledge are considered. The second stage focuses on the theory of geometric optics of spherical lenses through the use of an illuminating system composed by 9 independent performance led’s, spherical lenses and a screen to project the created image. And finally, a final phase of learning assessment. According to the analysis of the descriptive questionnaire data, with an individual description of the concepts performed by the students at the end of each step, it was possible to trace a net of words to verify the students’ vocabulary gain during the application of the educational product. Based on this analysis, it was possible to prove that the description of the activities in real time helps greatly in the establishment of basic concepts. This perception is evident and is verified in the comparison of the word nets during and after the application of the product.