A Hegemonia Empresarial na Educação Brasileira: uma análise do Movimento Todos Pela Educação

Abstract

The goal of the present research was to analyze the Movimento Todos Pela Educação –TPE (‗Everybody for the Education‘ Movement) in order to understand it as an expression of business hegemony in education. From this general objective, the following specific objectives were defined: i) identify the contributions of academic production on the elements that historically configure business action in Brazilian education; ii) discuss the role of the State and its actions for the development of business hegemony in Brazil and; iii) analyze the TPE as a device of business hegemony in Brazilian education. The research was qualitative, characterized as documental, bibliographic, and had historical-dialectical materialism as its theoretical foundation, especially the contributions of Antonio Gramsci. From the analysis performed, we identified that the formation of business hegemony happened with the very development of the Bourgeois State in Brazil. Between the 1930‘s and 1950‘s, organized civil society promoted, in articulation with political society, the development of capitalism, the strengthening of the Brazilian internal market for the concentration and centralization of its capital. In the field of education and within the structure of the State, the consolidation of business hegemony gained expressiveness in the 1990s and 2000s. With the creation of the ‗Everybody for the Education‘ Movement in 2006, this organization made the private interests of fractions of the ruling class go beyond the economic field of action, directing and dominating educational policies. In carrying out this universalization of the particularity of its interests in education, TPE makes the capital reproduction needs to seem universal, such as the idea of ―quality of education‖, the need for educational indexes, schooling at an appropriate age for training labor force, investing in the theory of human capital and preparing for the capitalist labor market. The construction of the necessary consensus for this collective adhesion to the particular interests of these class fractions happens through the work of intellectuals, organizations and through public opinion present in the TPE. In this sense, we argue that TPE is an expression of corporate hegemony in education, as it represents a unity in the diversity of fractions of the ruling class that constitute and monopolize education in Brazil. These fractions of the ruling class, which are present within the state, as part of organized civil society, articulated with political society, have dominated and directed educational policies in the country in order to develop an education project necessary to Capital in its contemporary phase.