Lugar de mulher é na política: os candidatos à presidência do Brasil e as abordagens dos temas relativos às mulheres nos debates eletorais da BAND, em 2010, 2014 e 2018

Abstract

n Brazil, a majority in the proportionality of female voters does not translate into a significant female political representation. Just over 30% of the candidates are women, largely because of the “gender quota”. However, not half of the female candidates are elected. In addition, women's social movements face difficulties in dialoguing with the State, a barrier imposed especially since 2016, with the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (PT). In this scenario, the media appears as a producer of content that can influence the view that the population will have of the guidelines related to women. Thus, the study works with the Presidential Debates of the TV broadcaster Bandeirantes, to analyze the approach given to the themes that involved the female agendas in the disputes from 2010 to 2018. From the Content Analysis, frequencies were identified, among them, in relation to the general themes and specific, related to women; temporal dimension of the proposals; whether the themes were free or defined; who took the initiative to discuss issues related to women; and the use of attack language (VEIGA; SOUZA; SANTOS, 2007). Later, when the speeches that brought themes about women were transcribed, the theoretical and contextualized discussion of the subjects found began: Abortion; Violence Against Women; Equal Pay; Representation of Women; Women's Health; Women in Politics; Policies for Women; Rape; Labor Reform; Chauvinism; and “Gender ideology”. Along with the discussion, there is the classification of the ethos and antiethos of these political discourses. Starting from the understanding that ethos represents the construction of the image of the speaker at the moment of speech, based on his self-image and on what he imagines to be the citizen's expectation, according to Charaudeau (2008). The author classifies the images in: Seriously; Virtue; Competence; Power; Character; Intelligence; Humanity; Boss; and Solidarity. Antiethos refers to the deconstruction of the adversary's image as a political strategy. Identifying thus, that there are two main themes that pervade all issues related to women, the religion that by a Christian bias of patriarchal structure appears in most arguments; and the separation between public and domestic spheres that condition the “female mystique” to women, moving away, among other spaces, from politics (PERROT, 1998; FRIEDAN, 1971). In addition, most of the time, issues related to women were treated superficially or served as an attack on the adversary, with no concrete policy proposals aimed at this group. Thus, it is concluded that in addition to the need for women to participate in politics, it is essential that they carry out policies on behalf of your equals.