EXTRAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO TÉRMICA, MORFOLÓGICA E DE PASTA DO AMIDO DE GENGIBRE NATIVO E MODIFICADO QUIMICAMENTE

Abstract

The rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a largely used plant in alternative medicine and food industry, can be considered an alternative source of starch, which presents particulars properties, such as high gelatinization temperature and formation of a thick and viscous gel. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermal, morfologial, structural and paste properties of ginger’s starch, in its native and modified state, by different HCl concentration (1.0 mol L-1 and 2.0 mol L-1 ) in aquous or methanolic solvent, in different reaction times (2 h and 4 h). It was observed a high thermal stability, of 276.0 °C, and gelatinization parameters, with peaks between 80 and 90 °C and ∆Hgel of 10.21 ± 0.21 J g-1 , on the native starch, with ∆Hgel being reduced after modification (up until 2.68 ± 0.09 J g-1 ); a reduction on the amylose value after modification was detected, suggesting a target attack on the amorphous portion of the material; with the X-ray diffraction by powder method (XRD), it was observed a type A diffraction pattern in all cases and an increase in relative cristlinity after hydrolysis, from de 23.20 ± 0.45% up to 27.39 ± 0.62%; with the aid of the viscoamylogram, a high setback value was reported on the native sample, however, after modification, absence of paste formation; in the images of microscopy, smaller granules after modification and the formation of pores in the methanol samples were found. These changes suggest the possible application of the material as a lipid replacer in emulsions or as thickener in products that require high temperature in its processing.