Efeito Casimir Dinâmico e detecção de fótons: aspectos algébricos e dinâmicos

Abstract

In this work, the quantization of the electromagnetic field is discussed in the context of the second quantization for a one-dimensional cavity for both fixed and movable walls. The structure of quantum states of the electromagnetic field is analyzed, considering properties such as zero-point energy (or vacuum energy) and quadrature components. One of the main points is the presentation of a hamiltonian formulation of the Dynamical Casimir Effect, which is a direct consequence of the existence of vacuum energy. The generation and detection (by means of a quantized RLC circuit, or antenna) of photons in the Dynamical Casimir Effect are discussed, as well as the dissipation effect due to the coupling of the antenna with a thermal reservoir. The approach of this last analysis is carried out through the Master Equation and the temporal evolution in the context of Gaussian states. The solutions of the covariance matrices for the system composed of a cavity mode with movable walls and a dissipative detector were obtained, considering squeezed thermal states as initial Gaussian states.