Peptídeos hidrolisados de pele de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) como agente cicatrizante para aplicação veterinária
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Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa
Abstract
A pele é o maior órgão do corpo de mamíferos e danos a ela podem causar feridas complexas e levar a prejuízos, contaminação bacteriana e perda da função. É necessário que exista opções de tratamento para feridas de pele que cicatrizem no menor tempo e que seja de baixo custo ao paciente. A pele da tilápia é amplamente estudada por conta de suas atividades cicatrizantes, e peptídeos hidrolisados extraídos da pele de tilápia (PHT) também demonstraram este efeito. Este trabalho se propôs em um primeiro momento a complexar peptídeos hidrolisados de tilápia com zinco para avaliar a sua atividade antimicrobiana. Este complexo foi caracterizado por técnicas de FTIR e DRX e avaliado contra bactérias Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa empregando-se as técnicas de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bacteriostática Mínima (CBM). Este complexo peptídeo-zinco apresentou melhora na atividade antimicrobiana apenas contra S. aureus ao se comparar com resultados obtidos apenas para o peptídeo isolado, tendo sido obtida uma CIM de 1,87 mg/mL. No teste de CBM, o complexo PHT-Zn se mostrou apenas bacteriostático. Devido ao rendimento do complexo abaixo do esperado, de 37,67%, esta frente de pesquisa foi abandonada e em um segundo momento, buscou-se desenvolver e estudar hidrogéis para veicular os PHT, avaliar a sua estabilidade e a atividade cicatricial em feridas de cães e gatos. Para isto, foram propostas três formulações de hidrogéis contendo PHT, as quais foram denominadas F1, F2 e F3. Todas elas foram submetidas a um estudo de estabilidade acelerada em condições de temperatura e umidade controladas a 40 ºC e 75% de umidade relativa durante 90 dias para as formulações F1 e F2 e 180 dias para a formulação F3. Neste estudo de estabilidade, foram avaliadas as características organolépticas, pH, viscosidade, espalhabilidade e densidade. No estudo de estabilidade, as formulações F1 e F2 apresentaram alterações de viscosidade e espalhabilidade, além de alterações de coloração; já F3 não apresentou alterações organolépticas e nos demais parâmetros avaliados, tanto para as amostras armazenadas em estufa quanto para amostras armazenadas em temperatura ambiente durante 180 dias. A avaliação clínica de feridas de primeira intenção tratadas com o hidrogel HEC-PHT (F3) apresentou redução de presença de infecções. Houve redução da área de feridas por segunda intenção tratadas com HEC-PHT a partir da primeira semana de tratamento. Esses dados mostram que o hidrogel HEC-PHT pode se tornar uma opção para o tratamento de feridas complexas em clínicas veterinárias e fortalece o banco de dados sobre as propriedades biológicas de peptídeos extraídos de pele de tilápia. A autora declara que ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial foram utilizadas neste trabalho para auxiliar na busca por referências na literatura. Ferramenta utilizada: Consensus Ai for Research. O conteúdo final foi criticamente revisado pela autora que assume total responsabilidade pela veracidade do texto de acordo com a Portaria CNPq nº 2.664/2026.
The skin is the largest organ in the body of mammals, and damage to it can cause complex wounds, leading to economic losses, bacterial contamination, and loss of function. It is necessary to develop treatment options for skin wounds that promote healing in the shortest possible time and at a low cost to the patient. Tilapia skin has been widely studied due to its healing properties, and hydrolyzed peptides extracted from tilapia skin (THP) have also demonstrated this effect. Initially, this work aimed to complex hydrolyzed tilapia peptides with zinc in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. This complex was characterized using FTIR and XRD techniques and was evaluated against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The peptide–zinc complex showed improved antimicrobial activity only against S. aureus, presenting a MIC of 1.87 mg/mL when compared with the results obtained for the isolated peptide. In the MBC test, the THP– Zn complex showed only bacteriostatic activity. Due to the low yield of the peptidecomplex, of 37,67%, this research stage was interrupted. In a second stage, this research aimed to develop and study hydrogels to deliver hydrolyzed tilapia peptides, as well as to evaluate their stability and wound-healing activity in dogs and cats. For this purpose, three hydrogel formulations containing THP were proposed, which were named F1, F2, and F3. All formulations were subjected to an accelerated stability study under controlled temperature and humidity conditions at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity for 90 days for formulations F1 and F2 and 180 days for formulation F3. In this stability study, organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and density were evaluated. During the stability study, formulations F1 and F2 showed changes in viscosity and spreadability, as well as color alterations. In contrast, F3 showed no organoleptic changes or alterations in the other evaluated parameters, both for samples stored in an incubator and for those stored at room temperature for 180 days. The clinical evaluation of first-intention wounds treated with HEC-THP hydrogel showed a reduction in the presence of infections. There was also a reduction in the area of second-intention wounds treated with HEC-THP starting from the first week of treatment. These data indicate that the HEC-THP hydrogel may become a potential option for the treatment of complex wounds in veterinary clinics and strengthen the database on the biological properties of peptides extracted from tilapia skin. The author declares that Artificial Intelligence tools were used in this work to assist in the search for references in the literature. Tool used: Consensus AI for Research. The final content was critically reviewed by the author, who assumes full responsibility for the veracity of the text in accordance with CNPq Ordinance No. 2,664/2026.
The skin is the largest organ in the body of mammals, and damage to it can cause complex wounds, leading to economic losses, bacterial contamination, and loss of function. It is necessary to develop treatment options for skin wounds that promote healing in the shortest possible time and at a low cost to the patient. Tilapia skin has been widely studied due to its healing properties, and hydrolyzed peptides extracted from tilapia skin (THP) have also demonstrated this effect. Initially, this work aimed to complex hydrolyzed tilapia peptides with zinc in order to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. This complex was characterized using FTIR and XRD techniques and was evaluated against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The peptide–zinc complex showed improved antimicrobial activity only against S. aureus, presenting a MIC of 1.87 mg/mL when compared with the results obtained for the isolated peptide. In the MBC test, the THP– Zn complex showed only bacteriostatic activity. Due to the low yield of the peptidecomplex, of 37,67%, this research stage was interrupted. In a second stage, this research aimed to develop and study hydrogels to deliver hydrolyzed tilapia peptides, as well as to evaluate their stability and wound-healing activity in dogs and cats. For this purpose, three hydrogel formulations containing THP were proposed, which were named F1, F2, and F3. All formulations were subjected to an accelerated stability study under controlled temperature and humidity conditions at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity for 90 days for formulations F1 and F2 and 180 days for formulation F3. In this stability study, organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and density were evaluated. During the stability study, formulations F1 and F2 showed changes in viscosity and spreadability, as well as color alterations. In contrast, F3 showed no organoleptic changes or alterations in the other evaluated parameters, both for samples stored in an incubator and for those stored at room temperature for 180 days. The clinical evaluation of first-intention wounds treated with HEC-THP hydrogel showed a reduction in the presence of infections. There was also a reduction in the area of second-intention wounds treated with HEC-THP starting from the first week of treatment. These data indicate that the HEC-THP hydrogel may become a potential option for the treatment of complex wounds in veterinary clinics and strengthen the database on the biological properties of peptides extracted from tilapia skin. The author declares that Artificial Intelligence tools were used in this work to assist in the search for references in the literature. Tool used: Consensus AI for Research. The final content was critically reviewed by the author, who assumes full responsibility for the veracity of the text in accordance with CNPq Ordinance No. 2,664/2026.
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VENTURA, Ana Carolina Terso. Peptídeos hidrolisados de pele de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) como agente cicatrizante para aplicação veterinária. 2026. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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