Avaliação do perfil dos pacientes com trauma ortopédico por meio de uma metodologia de classificação de pacientes hospitalares

Abstract

Orthopedic trauma in Brazil represents a Public Health problem, due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality they account for. This study aims to “Analyze the profile of patients affected by orthopedic trauma at a University Hospital in Paraná”. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study with a retroactive period. The population of this study consisted of 281 patients hospitalized from September 2021 to February 2022, diagnosed with orthopedic trauma and who underwent surgical treatment by the traumatology team. For the statistical analysis, data were described with an estimate of mean, median, standard deviation, 25% and 75% percentiles of quantitative variables and simple and relative frequencies and 95% confidence interval. The epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for orthopedic trauma at this hospital was formed by 59.8% of men and represented by the age group of 50 to 64 years, of these, 54.09% suffered a traffic accident and 27.4% were affected by fractures in the lower limbs. The average time of surgeries in this study was 98 minutes, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) for the length of stay. It was also observed that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) for the total value of orthosis or prosthesis used in patients who underwent trauma-orthopedic surgeries. The medical discharges found in this study totaled 95.02% and the deaths that occurred due to clinical complications were 4.27%. The results showed that most patients were male and belonged to the age group of 50 to 64 years. Traffic accidents were the main cause of hospitalization, especially among men. In systemic arterial hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity among patients. The surgeries performed were predominantly osteosynthesis of the lower limbs. The mean duration of surgeries varied according to age and the type of surgery performed, and during the surgical procedure several patients needed some type of orthosis or prosthesis. All patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis before the surgical procedure, although some complications, such as surgical wound secretion, occurred during hospitalization. The average length of hospital stay was 15 days and a higher percentage of discharge was observed in return for death. These results highlight the importance of understanding the profile of patients with orthopedic trauma, their epidemiological characteristics and the main associated complications.