História de vida de alunas da EJA: da evasão escolar até a Educação de Jovens e Adultos em Ponta Grossa, Paraná

Abstract

The general aim of this dissertation is to analyze, based on life history, the factors that led students to turn to Youth and Adult Education in the municipality of Ponta Grossa after dropping out of regular school. Knowing that the EJA is constantly undervalued, the modality needs to be seen as a tool for reducing social inequalities in order to build a fairer society. Thus, in order to answer the research problem - Based on the life history of students in the Youth and Adult Education system, what are the main factors that led them to drop out of school? - the dissertation aims to present the trajectory of the EJA modality, contextualizing it in the Municipality of Ponta Grossa, so that it is possible to reflect on school dropout and identify in life stories the factors that motivated students to enroll in Youth and Adult Education. The theoretical framework was based on Bourdieusian concepts, specifically the theories of habitus and social fields. These concepts make it possible to analyze the position of these agents in the fields in which they are inserted, as well as how the primary habitus influences the agent's life trajectory. We also used authors who discuss issues related to Youth and Adult Education (Arroyo, 1993; Galvão; Soares, 2006; Haddad; Di Pierro, 2000). In addition, official documents referring to Youth and Adult Education in Brazil were used, such as the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law (Law 9394/1996), the National Education Plan (PNE 2014-2024), Resolution No. 01/2021 of May 25, 2021, which establishes the Operational Guidelines for Youth and Adult Education, among other documents. To discuss school enrollment and dropout, data from the School Census organized by INEP (2022), IBGE (2015, 2022) and the Statistical Notebook of the Municipality of Ponta Grossa (2019) were used. The research uses a qualitative approach, with documentary and bibliographic research to situate the EJA in Brazil and in Ponta Grossa. In addition, life history is used as a source of investigation to discover the factors that lead students to drop out of school, based on the author Ecléa Bosi (2002, 2003). To analyze the data from the stories of the agents interviewed, the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu (1989, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2010, 2014, 2016) were used, relating school dropout to the actions of these agents in the structure of the educational field. For data analysis, three categories were used that emerged from the life stories collected: I: access and permanence in schools that offer Youth and Adult Education in Ponta Grossa - PR. II: social and school inequality. III: power relations in relation to gender issues. It is necessary to build new strategies for access and permanence and monitor their effectiveness over the course of teaching. It was possible to see how the primary habitus is perpetuated from generation to generation, and how difficult it is to break it in a society organized in a class structure like ours.