Entendo as fases da lua a partir de um material instrucional baseado no método de orientação indireta

Abstract

The Optics teaching is often developed by an expositive form, from the memorization of formulas and resolution of exercises with situations that are not consistent with the students’ reality. Considering the way it has been developed in most of the institutions, this research work quested for developing an educational product that considers basic concepts that are related to geometric optics, and that are necessary to the comprehension of a physical phenomenon present in the daily lives of humans: the moon phases. Based on the conceptions of Bruner's learning theory, it was developed the application of instructional material in the classroom with 28 students in a third year class of basic education in the state of Parana, at town of Castro. The application of the instructional material in the classroom has been divided into six steps, in which each step depends on the previous one. The adopted method was based on the fact that the students must have a fundamental participation in the learning process, in which the teacher does not explain the concepts in an explicit manner, but provides guidelines so the students will be able to draw their own conclusions about what they have been learning. The teacher guides the students for achieving the proposed objectives at each stage of the activities. The use of the instructional material has proved to be effective in its development and application. The classes occurred progressively, revealing that the learning effectiveness occurs when the students develop the activities by themselves and understand what is planned. In the words, when the learning responsibility is transferred to the student.