Características de qualidade de cultivares de maçã: avaliação físico-química e sensorial de quinze cultivares
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Neste trabalho são apresentados aspectos de qualidade de interesse industrial de 15 cultivares de maçãs. A análise sensorial das frutas in natura discriminou as amostras de Melrose, Fred Housh, M 51/90 e Malus 71/90 como capazes de promover o processo de compra e de instalação do hábito de consumo. A análise sensorial dos sucos de frutas discrimina apenas a cultivar comercial Belgolden como interessante. Os sucos feitos com as amostras de maçãs apresentaram uma variação de 12 a 16ºBRIX e o valor médio de ácido málico foi de 0,362g/100mL. Os teores de compostos fenólicos apresentaram uma média de 316mg/L e um desvio padrão de 70mg/L (C.V.= 22%). Os indicadores industriais são elevados demais para serem comparados com aqueles necessários, abaixo de 20/25; os valores médios encontrados neste conjunto de maçãs foram de 45 (índice BRIX/acidez) e 40,2 (índice ART/acidez). As amostras codificadas foram categorizadas como amargas, com um grupo de doces-amargas (as comerciais Fred Housh, Marquesa, Sansa e Romu, e as experimentais M 51/90 e todas as Malus) e outro de ácidas-amargas (as demais cultivares estudadas). As amostras mais interessantes para o processamento industrial de suco clarificado são a Belgolden, as Coop 25 e 26, a Melrose e a Malus 67/90). A Sansa desponta como portadora de maior teor de frutose e potencialmente como matéria-prima para a elaboração de bebidas com apelo funcional.
The article shows some figures concerning industrial aplications of samples from apple cultivars. Sensorial evaluation of the apples in natura indicated Melrose, Fred Housh, M 51/90 and Malus 71/90 as able to satisfy the consumer. Sensorial evaluation of the apple juice shows only one interesting variety, Belgolden. The juices showed 12 to 16ºBRX and a mean value of malic acid of 0,362g/100mL. Total phenol compounds showed a mean of 316mg/l (C.V.= 22%). Ratios concerning total sugar or total soluble solids: malic acid were too high as compared with the value 20/25 necessary to industrial process. The apple samples were all characterized as bitter, with a set of bitter sweet (Fred Housh, Marquesa, Sansa, Romu, M 51/90 and all Malus) and another of bitter sharp (the others). The most interesting samples for industrial utilization are Belgolden, Coop 25 and 26, Melrose and Malus 67/90). The variety Sansa shows the highest level of fructose and it is an interesting raw material for functional drinks.
The article shows some figures concerning industrial aplications of samples from apple cultivars. Sensorial evaluation of the apples in natura indicated Melrose, Fred Housh, M 51/90 and Malus 71/90 as able to satisfy the consumer. Sensorial evaluation of the apple juice shows only one interesting variety, Belgolden. The juices showed 12 to 16ºBRX and a mean value of malic acid of 0,362g/100mL. Total phenol compounds showed a mean of 316mg/l (C.V.= 22%). Ratios concerning total sugar or total soluble solids: malic acid were too high as compared with the value 20/25 necessary to industrial process. The apple samples were all characterized as bitter, with a set of bitter sweet (Fred Housh, Marquesa, Sansa, Romu, M 51/90 and all Malus) and another of bitter sharp (the others). The most interesting samples for industrial utilization are Belgolden, Coop 25 and 26, Melrose and Malus 67/90). The variety Sansa shows the highest level of fructose and it is an interesting raw material for functional drinks.
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WOSIACKI, G.; PHOLMAN, B. C.; NOGUEIRA, A. Características de qualidade de cultivares de maçã: avaliação físico-química e sensorial de quinze cultivares. Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., Campinas, v. 24, n. 3, p. 347-352, jul./set. 2004.