Desafios para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes em relação ao acolhimento institucional pós-adoção

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to the institutional reception of children and/or adolescents after adoption, as well as the measures to protect them from the reception itself. Its main goal is to analyze, from a socio-legal perspective, if there are measures in the Guarantee of Rights System to protect children and adolescents regarding that reception, based on a study of cases in the city of Ponta Grossa, state of Paraná, from 2009 to 2021. It is an interdisciplinary research of a socio-legal type and qualitative nature, elaborated from the methodology of the case study. As methodological instruments, we used bibliographic research, documentary and field research - the latter one being realized through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and observation. We determined as subjects of the empirical research the professionals who work in post-adoption foster care cases, such as Public Ministry, Reception Institutions, Guardianship Councils, Specialized Support Center and Support Groups for Necessary Adoptions. We had the testimonies transcribed and their categorical content analysis was performed. The thesis is organized into four chapters. The first one goes through the conception, organization and operation of the Guarantee of Rights System, in addition to the conception and articulation among public policies. The second chapter addresses the right to family living from a legal-social perspective, institutional reception and the psychosocial and legal context of adoption. When considering adoption, we mentioned its preparatory judicial measures and analyzed the legal requirements which are imposed on such procedures. We also focused on the preparation of applicants and adoptees, as well as the follow-up of families post-adoption. The third chapter is dedicated to the systematization of field research results. We had the research subjects characterized, post-adoption foster care cases were described along with the proposed excerpts. We have also described the work developed by the interviewees in the face of the problem and the alternatives for coping with post-adoption care - issues that were raised by the research subjects themselves. In the fourth chapter we built the categories of analysis, which are: the invisibility of post-adoption institutional care cases, the weaknesses as well as the potentialities of preparing applicants and adoptees and, finally, the necessity of a post-adoption follow-up. The results we have obtained confirmed the hypothesis that primarily guided this study. It was proved that the institutional reception of children and adolescents after adoption is made invisible by the Government, since there are no statistics about it, and it is actually unknown by most of the subjects in the service network. We also infer that there are several weaknesses in the process of preparing applicants and adoptees. Its evaluation as an existing program is urgent, as well as the elaboration of alternatives so that there is greater consistency of the procedure itself throughout the national territory. Finally, we reaffirm the need to implement a post-adoption monitoring program, which can be formulated considering existing social practices and providing support throughout the protection network.